The intention of this book is to present some of the knowledgeacquired during many years of practical work on the qualitycontrol and quality assurance of long-life products. Differentfactors have an impact on product quality – the standard of the rawmaterials, the equipment involved, the processes applied, opera-tional procedures, installation, and so on. In order to produce ahigh quality product, a thorough understanding of these factors isnecessary. An attempt has been made to discuss and present thematerial in a comprehensible way concentrating on microbio-logical aspects. The HACCP (QACP) concept has been used as amodel for process control.UHT-treated and aseptically packaged products have beenproduced in large quantities for quite some time. So far, the litera-ture available concentrates on particular aspects of product andequipment characteristics and the technology involved. A moregeneral presentation appears to be lacking. Hopefully, our workwill help close the gap.To a large extent, the available “old” literature has beenconsulted. The new literature is readily accessible through dataprofile searches. In addition, more than 25 years of practical fieldexperience has gone into this study.The different topics are arranged in such a way that each chap-ter stands as an independent entity. Of necessity, this has led tosome repetitions. We hope that the reader will accept the problemand make allowances for the consequences. It is also our hope thatthis study will contribute to the production of long-life productswith a high level of quality.Finally, we would like to express our appreciation to all theTetra Pak people who have helped to prepare this book and whohave contributed with valuable comments on the contents. Thisapplies particularly to Gösta Odelberg B. Sc., Regional ManagerFiSQA (Field Service Quality Assurance) and Dr. Charles Sizer.Åkarp, August 1998Dr. Bernhard von Bockelmann      Dr. Irene von Bockelmann

."I always say that in order to achieve success you must first buildvisibility and then credibility; only then can you move forward intoprofitability.In '42 Rules for Driving Success with Books,' MitchellLevy explains how becoming a published author is the ultimate way tobuild visibility and credibility by branding yourself as an expert whichwill inevitably build your business.Simply put, this book is anessential read for anyone wishing to attain a higher degree ofsuccess."Ivan Misner, NY Times Bestselling author and Founder of BNI

这是Bernhard von Bockelmann与Dr. Irene von Bockelmann对乳品工业UHT生产技术质量管理的心血与贡献。其中详尽阐述UHT加工原理，无菌产品技术，质量管理包括QA与泊松分布抽样检验等，对果汁等的UHT加工也做了简要叙述。

目录

第一章      牛乳的生产⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯1

第二章      乳品化学⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯13

第三章      流变学⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯37

第四章      微生物⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯45

第五章      牛奶的验收和贮存⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯65

第六章      乳品加工的工艺设施⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯73 

 6.1   热交换⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯74 

 6.2   离心分离机和牛乳脂肪标准化⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯89  

6.3   均质机⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯112  

6.4   膜滤⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯120  

6.5   蒸发器⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯130  

6.6   脱气罐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯136  

6.7   泵⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯139  

6.8   管道、阀门和安装管件⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯148  

6.9   罐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯156  

6.10   工艺控制⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯159  

6.11   服务系统⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯169

第七章      设计一条生产线⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯182

第八章      巴氏消毒乳产品⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯194

第九章      长期保存鲜奶⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯208

第十章      发酵剂制作⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯226

第十一章    发酵乳制品⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯234

第十二章    奶油和涂布乳制品⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯256

第十三章    无水乳脂(AMF) (奶油脂肪)⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯272

第十四章    干酪⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯279

第十五章    乳清加工⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯322

第十六章    炼乳⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯343

第十七章    奶粉⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯350

第十八章    奶粉的包装⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯361

第十九章    冰洪淋⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯373

第二十章    干酪素⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯382

第二十一章  乳品设备的清洗⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯390

第二十二章  乳品厂废水⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯401

Contents

1Primary production of milk1

2The chemistry of milk13

3Rheology37

4Micro-organisms45

5Collection and reception of milk65

6Building-blocks of dairy processing73

6.1Heat exchangers75

6.2Centrifugal separators andmilk fat standardisation systems91

6.3Homogenisers115

6.4Membrane filters123

6.5Evaporators133

6.6Deaerators139

6.7Pumps143

6.8Pipes, valves and fittings153

6.9Tanks161

6.10Process Control165

6.11Service systems175

7Designing a process line189

8Pasteurised milk products201

9Longlife milk215

10Cultures and starter manufacture233

11Cultured milk products241

12Butter and dairy spreads263

13Anhydrous milk fat279

14Cheese287

15Whey processing331

16Condensed milk353

17Milk powder361

18Recombined milk products375

19Ice cream385

20Casein395

21Cleaning of dairy equipment403

22Dairy effluents415

Literature425

Index427

Use the wisdom and power of your emotions to get the life you really want

There are many different ways to produce high-performance resultsin organizations. Some companies create an internally competitiveenvironment where the toughest, but not necessarily the most com-petent, rise to the top. Other organizations build a consensus culturewhere agreement replaces quality by reducing decisions to the lowestcommon denominator. Organizations of the future, however, arechoosing a longer-term approach to producing results by investing inpeople. The most prized possession in these companies is the highlevel of accountabilityand collaborationamong people. People areplaced at the heart of the organization, and leaders recognize that theirmost important resource walks through the front door every day andwill walk out again if they are uninspired.This book is for leaders and managers at all levels who believe thathow people work togetheris the key to long-term success. Several prem-ises underlie this belief:1.People want to do their best.2.People will give their discretionary effort when they areinspired 3.People will produce unprecedented results with inspiredleadership.Communication, language in particular, is the vehicle for unleash-ing the power of people. This is the tool that leaders use to either moti-vate people to reach higher or to derail them completely. Words arepotent. They move the action forward or backward; there is no suchthing as a neutral comment from a leader. All words have meaning andimpact. Leaders who understand this can use language to harness theboundless energy of people toward focused business outcomes. Thosewho fail to recognize the power of their words will find themselvesfrustrated with the constant cycle of rework and communicationbreakdowns. The truth is that leadership competence, expertise, andcommitment will not overcome poor communication skills.Most competent leaders and managers have been schooled, bothformally and informally, in many different facets of leadership. Butfew have had the opportunity to learn how words shape reality anddetermine both their future and the future of the organization. Thisbook closes the gap by providing leaders with much more than justtools; it explains why the tools workso leaders can easily apply power-ful communication principles to the many challenges they face.Because words are potent, this book does not waste them. It is tothe point, practical, and direct. No time is wasted on theory, academicresearch, or ego massage. This book is specifically designed for lead-ers and managers who are already successful and who want to achievemuch more through their best resource people.

1 The interview  7What is an interview? 7; Types of interview 8; Other assessment methods 10; Why do interviews take place? 11; What happens in an interview? 12; What are interviews about? 13; What leads to success in interviews? 132 What employers are looking for 17Providing proof that you are the right candidate 18; The most common mistakes 21; De-mystifying the interview 23; Stressing your contribution 243 Planning and preparation 27Importance of planning and preparation 27; Yourview of yourself 28; How you see the employer 28; Research 29; Analysing the job 31; How to find out more 32; Areas of likely questioning 35; Mind the gap! Covering up your weak spots 39; Maximising your strengths 39; Golden rules 40; Which questions toask? 414 Creating the best impression 45The importance of personal image 45; Creating apositive first impression 46; Appearance 48;

Growing up, I didn’t want to be a project manager. Unlike the more popular options of fireman and ballerina (and later doctor and chef), it wasn’t as easy to visualize what being a project manager was all about. Since my love was for technology, I studied Computer Science and worked on everything from software engineering through to web development. It was only in the corporate world that I realized why people wanted to be project managers.

Project management is about making things happen.

Good project management is what makes the real work a success. Bad or missing project management can taint and nullify the efforts of even the most talented people. It doesn’t matter how brilliant your work is if the project as a whole is twice as ex-pensive as intended, or a year late. This is not to say that the real work isn’t import-ant—it is still the core of any project. No project manager can make mediocre work into an awesome end result. But fantastic work can be overlooked if the project management required to deliver the whole isn’t there.

Like me, you’ve probably already realized this. You’ve worked on a project or two where things went wrong at the project management level. You’ve figured you could do a better job of it yourself—which is exactly why you bought this book! The good news is that you were right. You can do a good job of the project management. And this book will teach you how.

Who Should Read This Book?

This book is for anyone who wants to learn enough project management to ensure their projects succeed. You won’t become a world authority on the project manage-ment discipline, but you will become an effective and efficient project manager. Although some of the examples in this book focus on projects that address techno-logical or systems-related issues—a growing industry in need of skilled project managers!—the book is intended for anyone who needs to manage projects of any sort.

That said, this book won’t teach you to manage the construction of the next space shuttle. For very large and very complex projects, you will probably need a few extra and more rigorous tools. You’ll find some pointers to such tools in the appen-dices.

This is not a book to be read from cover to cover. It is not War and Peace, although with a bit of luck it will give you some ideas on how to have more peace than war.It is a book to dip into, look for the character or situation you’re having problems with, find a solution, apply it and move on. Life is too short to spend it having a row with people.This is a book to scribble on the pages, rip bits out and do all the things with that your old school would give you detention for! This is a source book but not a reference book. A book to dive into but not to get immersed in.This is a book you can use to improve your own performance or use as a source of ideas to work in groups to improve the performance of your team.If all else fails it is a book just heavy enough to throw at someone who is being really difficult, without the risk of doing them any serious damage!To the uninitiated, difficult people can be the bane of your life, a blot on your landscape and a real pain to work with. This book is designed to help you to enjoy difficult people. Once you have the key, you can unlock them, influence them, get them working for you and they'll never notice.

      Every now and then, a person of great wisdom and integrity comes along with a story that everyone needs to hear. Dov Frohman is such a person. As a maverick in the fi eld of technology from the earliest days, Dov has been an innovator, a questioner, a radical, a champion, a sage, a survivor, and above all, a leader. He’s never backed down from responsibility, and he’s faced some hair-raising crises with unconventional methods and achieved undeniable results. Under his guidance, Intel Israel became a key part of the global company’s success and helped make Israel a real player in the world’s high-tech market.  Even if this were solely a book of his personal stories, it would be a very worthwhile read. These stories are highly engaging and provide an insider’s view into one of the most competitive indus-tries in the world, not to mention harrowing tales like his child-hood spent in hiding in Nazi-occupied Holland or his decision to keep Intel Israel open during the fi rst Gulf War, as Scuds were raining down around the country. It was a highly risky and contro-versial move, yet one characteristic of Dov’s commitment to his company and his country.  Fortunately for us, however, this book is much more than a memoir. Dov’s unique experiences have given him a perspective on leadership you won’t fi nd anywhere else, and he’s spent many years refl ecting on the most critical issues any leader or leader-to-be might encounter. This book is like having a personal  mentor—someone who tells the truth about leadership, the good and the bad, the easy calls, and the thorny dilemmas. Dov has stood in the trenches, weathered the loneliness along with the accolades, and really dug deep into the role, and now we the readers get the benefi t of his insights, which are by no means rote and always authentic. We rarely see this kind of transparency from our  leaders, so take advantage of it while you can.

Book contents:

Introduction: Flying Through a Thunderstorm

Chapter 1: INSISTING ON SURVIVAL

Chapter 2: LEADING AGAINST THE CURRENT

Chapter 3: LEVERAGING RANDOM OPPORTUNITIES

Chapter 4: LEADERSHIP UNDER FIRE

Chapter 5: THE SOFT SKILLS OF HARD LEADERSHIP

Chapter 6: MAKING VALUES REAL

Chapter 7: BOOTSTRAPPING LEADERSHIP

 

The second edition of the book Production and Operations Management incorporatesseveral suggestions offered by our colleagues and students all over the country.In this edition we have endeavored to strengthen the basic characteristics of the book. Thesubject matter has been presented systematically in ten chapters, which can enable the reader tomaster the topics covered without any additional guidance. In keeping with the basic objective ofmaking the learning of the ‘Concept and Principles in Production and Operations Management’, thefollowing chapters have been revised as per the suggestions.Chapter 1 on Introduction to POM was revised with the addition of Managing GlobalOperations with the concept of globalization. Chapter 2 on Plant Location and Layout wasrevised with locational models and the design of product and process layout. Service layout wasalso included. Chapter 4 on Materials Management was revised with the addition of specialpurchasing system. Chapter 6 on Quality Control was revised with the addition of ISO 14000series along with the recognized bodies for ISO certification. Chapter 8 on MaintenanceManagement was revised with the concept of Total Preventive Maintenance.The revised edition also contains Caselets which provides additional input to understand thesubject with practical application of the techniques used in each chapter.For the development of application skill of the theoretical knowledge of production and operationmanagement, it is necessary to arrange for a visit or conduct the project work either by individualor group of students in a manufacturing or service organisation.In this context the revised edition contains skill development/practicals in each chapter. Forthis purpose the students are adviced to visit a Fast Food Restaurant like Pizza Hut or Pizza Cornerfor getting the information for the questions given under skill development in each chapter.In addition to the caselet, cases are given to understand the entire concept of production andoperations management at the end of the book.Complete care has been taken to make the book error free. However, mistakes might havecrept inadvertently. Readers finding any error are requested to bring it to our notice, for enablingus to rectify them in our future editions.We are grateful to New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, and the editorial departmentfor their untiring effort to publish the book within a short span of time with a nice get up.Our acknowledgements are also due to Dr. Poornima Anil Kumar and Mrs. BharathiSuresh, without whose support and sacrifice this work would not have been completed by thedeadline.Finally, our acknowledgement is due to the Almighty who has blessed us with the knowledge,required for writing this book.

AUTHORS: S ANIL KUMAR N. SURESH

Stephen Covey has written a remarkable book about the human condition, so elegantly written, so understanding of our embedded concerns, so useful for our organization and personal lives, that it's going to be my gift to everyone I know.    -- Warren Bennis, author of On Becoming a Leader     I've never known any teacher or mentor on improving personal effectiveness to generate such an overwhelmingly positive reaction....  This book captures beautifully Stephen's philosophy of principles.  I think anyone reading it will quickly understand the enormous reaction I and others have had to Dr. Covey's teachings.    -- John Pepper, President, Procter and Gamble     Stephen Covey is an American Socrates, opening your mind to the 'permanent things' -- values, family, relationships, communicating.    -- Brian Tracy, author of Psychology of Achievement     Stephen R. Covey's book teaches with power, conviction, and feeling.  Both the content and the methodology of these principles form a solid foundation for effective communication.  As an educator, I think this book to be a significant addition to my library.    -- William Rolfe Kerr, Utah Commissioner of Higher Education     Few students of management and organization -- and people -- have thought as long and hard about first principles as Stephen Covey.  In The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, he offers us an opportunity, not a how-to guide.   The opportunity is to explore ourselves and our impact on others, and to do so by taking advantage of his profound insights.   It is a wonderful book that could change your life.

Will Work for Fun presents a simple three-step process for turning your favorite hobby or interest into a reliable source of income. Why stay trapped in a job you hate, when you could turn your fun into your job? No matter what your interests are, Alan Bechtold will show you how to what you love into a real moneymaking career. Packed with stories, examples, exercises, and links to online resources, Will Work for Fun is the cure for another dull day at the office.